Main Article Content
Abstract
Abstract
Rambutan is a top fruit from Indonesia, but it has not been get a good postharvest handling. One of the less postharvest handling is using of distribution packaging or retail marketing on fruit stores. The purpose of this research were designing a retail packaging made from polypropylene (PP) film and distribution packaging made from corrugated board. The stages of this research were to determine weight per unit
packaging of rambutan (retail and distribution), dimension of primary and secondary packaging, and analyze the efficiency of packaging arrangement on pallet. Rambutan cv. Lebak was picked from Subang, West Java Province with grade A fruit. The weight average of rambutan was 34.53 ± 2.32 g with individual volume was 21.29 cm3. The weight per retail packaging was 0.5 kg and each distribution packaging contain 4 packaging retail of rambutan. Based on the data, dimension of primary packaging was 12.5 x 12.5 x 15 cm that formed pouch bag with perforated (30 holes). Position of holes were placed with two options on the packaging surface. The RSC type secondary packaging was 28.5 x 28.5 x 16.5 cm for square packaging and the size 33.5 c 20.5 x 16.5 cm for rectangle packaging made from BC flute kraft 150 g. The simulation result shows efficiency of packaging arrangement above pallet should use size 1200 x 1000 mm (effieciency 81.22%) for square packaging and on pallet size 1067 x 1067 mm (effieciency 90.50%) for rectangle packaging.
Abstrak
Rambutan merupakan buah unggulan Indonesia, namun belum mendapat penanganan pascapanen yang memadai. Salah satu penanganan yang masih minim adalah penggunaan kemasan dalam distribusi maupun penjualan di toko buah dalam bentuk eceran (ritel). Tujuan penelitian adalah merancang kemasan ritel berbahan plastik polypropylene (PP) dan kemasan distribusi berbahan karton gelombang. Tahapan
penelitian adalah penentuan satuan berat per kemasan (eceran dan distribusi), dimensi kemasan primer dan sekunder serta efisiensi penyusunan kemasan pada pallet untuk handling. Buah rambutan yang digunakan adalah varietas Lebak mutu A dari Kabupaten Subang, Jawa Barat dengan berat rata-rata 34.53 ± 2.32 g dan volume 21.29 ± 2.45 cm3. Berat per kemasan eceran dibuat 0.5 kg dan tiap kemasan distribusi berisi 4 buah kemasan eceran. Berdasarkan data tersebut, diperoleh dimensi kemasan primer 12.5 x 12.5 x 15 cm dibentuk pouch dengan jumlah perforasi 30 lubang yang diletakkan dengan dua pilihan posisi dipermukaan kemasan. Kemasan sekunder tipe RSC berukuran 28.5 x 28.5 x 16.5 cm untuk bentuk kotak dan 33.5 x 20.5 x 16.5 cm untuk bentuk persegi dengan bahan flute BC dari kertas kraft 150. Hasil simulasi penyusunan kemasan diatas palet menunjukkan, untuk bentuk kotak sebaiknya menggunakan palet ukuran 1200 x 1000 mm (efisiensi 81.22%), bentuk persegi menggunakan palet ukuran 1067 x 1067mm (efisiensi 90.50%).
Keywords
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
References
- [BPS] Badan Pusat Statistik. 2015. Statistik Tanaman Buah-buahan dan Sayuran Tahunan Indonesia. BPS-Statistics Indonesia.
- [DTI] Danish Technology Institute. (DK). 2008. Guide Packaging Fresh Fruit and Vegetables.Innovation Act.
- Darmawati, E., R.K. Panca and Supriyadi. 2010. Development of Computer Program in Designing Transportation Packaging for Agricultural Products. Proceedings of AFITA 2010 International Conference: The Quality
- Information for Competitive Agricultural Based Production System and Commerce. Bogor, October 4-7, 2010.
- Darmawati, E., Sutrisno, Rusnaldi, M.W. Alfarisi and Nelinda. 2016. Freshness Maintenance of Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) by Combination of Packaging Techniques with Aloe vera L. Based Coating. The 2nd International Symposium on Agricultural and Biosystem
- Engineering: Recent Technology on Agricultural and Biosystem Engineering. Lombok, August 9-11, 2016.
- Follet, P. and S. Sanxter. 2000. Comparison of Rambutan Quality After Hot Forced-air and Irradiation Quarantine Treatments. Horticultural
- Science 35(7):1315-1318.
- Heriansyah, B. 2014. Kombinasi Pelapisan Lidah Buaya (Aloe vera L.) dan Void Volume Kemasan untuk Mempertahankan Kesegaran Buah
- Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L). (Skripsi). Departemen Teknik Mesin dan Biosistem Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian, IPB. Bogor.
- Iswahyudi, E. Darmawati dan Sutrisno. 2015. Perancangan Kemasan Transportasi Buah Jambu Air (Syzygium equeum) cv Camplong.
- Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian 3(1): 65-72.
- Julianti, E., Ridwansyah, E. Yusraini dan I. Suhaidi. 2012. Effect of Modified Atmosphere Packaging on Postharvest Quality of Rambutan cv. Binjai. Journal of Food Science and Engineering (2):111-117.
- Lee, M.H. 2005. Transportation and Packaging Standardization in Postharvest Technology of Fresh Produce for ASEAN Countries. Korea
- food Research. Institute Seongnam Republic of Korea.
- Pangidoan, S., Sutrisno dan A. Purwanto. 2013. Simulasi Transportasi dengan Pengemasan untuk Cabai Merah Keriting Segar. Jurnal
- Keteknikan Pertanian 27(1):69-79.
- Pathare, P.B. dan U.L. Opara. 2014. Structural Design of Corrugated Boxes for Horticultural Produce. Biosystems Engineering 125:128-140.
- Pohlan, J., J.M.V. Eva and M.J.J. Janssens. 2008. Harvest Maturity, Harvesting and Field Handling of Rambutan. Postharvest Biology and
- Technology 2:11.
- Qanytah dan I. Ambarsari. 2010. Efisiensi Penggunaan Kardus Distribusi Mangga Arummanis. Jurnal Litbang Pertanian 30(1):8-15.
- Rusnaldi. 2015. Aplikasi Pelapisan Lidah Buaya (Aloe vera L.) dan Perforasi pada Kemasan Plastik untuk Mempertahankan Mutu Buah
- Rambutan. (Skripsi). Departemen Teknik Mesin dan Biosistem Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian,IPB. Bogor.
- Singh, J., E. Olsen, S.P. Singh, J. Manley and F. Wallace. 2008. The Effect of Ventilation and Hand Holes on Loss of Compression Strength in
- Corrugated Boxes. Journal of Applied Packaging Research 2(4):227:238.
- Tawakal, M.I. 2017. Desain Kemasan dan Perlakuan Pematangan Buatan pada Sistem Distribusi Pepaya (Carica papaya L.) Varietas IPB 9.
- (Tesis). Departemen Teknik Mesin dan Biosistem Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian, IPB. Bogor.
- Widjanarko, S.B., C.H.Y. Trisnawati and T. Susanto. 2000. Changes Respiration, Composition and Sensory Characteristic of Rambutan Packed with Plastic Films during Storage at Low Temperature. Journal of Agricultural Technology1(3):1-8.